If you read Odyssean books like I do--books that take as long to complete as one of Captain James Cook's three voyages around the world--you quickly realize (if you're paying attention) that there's a value in learning about different periods of history that goes beyond being good at Jeopardy! Or at least Jeopardy! before 91-percent of its questions were about popular "culture."
You can read books like the one shown above (which I recommend) for the dates and names and papal bulls. Or you can read them on a more macro-level, like trying to identify the early origins of white/Christian superiority and therefore racism, and the very beginnings of our modern world.
You can also find metaphors that are often elastic enough to give context to today's realities.
All of the history in "Contested Continent" takes place before the West started adhering to the idea of "germ theory." That is that diseases and illnesses are caused by unseen micro-organisms spread by rats, fleas, coughing and other bodily effluvia. Before that theory, most people believe that "miasmas" and illnesses were caused by mal-aria (bad air) emanating from bogs and some ancestor of my mother.
The English at Jamestown, for instance, starting back in 1607 brought over thousands of people--usually felons, fatherless children and the indentured every year. At the end of every year, those thousands were reduced to hundreds. It took emigrations of about ten thousand people to get the population up to about fifteen hundred.
One reasons for that is the complete lack of understanding of germ theory.
Without knowing about germ theory, you think nothing of dumping the population's effluence (feces and urine) into the river and streams you drink out of, wash and bathe in.
Cholera. Who'da thunk.
(One reason previous societies drank so much beer and wine is that it usually was unpoisoned by, for instance, Gladys Moscowitz who has fairly persistent diarrhea, as you do when you over-do the prune danish. )
If humans as we know them have lived on our planet for 200,000 years and have been living in cities for about 12,000 years, it's really only during the last 150 years that anything approaching washing your hands between surgeries came into vogue. People believed in spontaneous generation until recently, the idea that creatures grew organically out of other matter.
Germ theory, despite the onrush and ascendance of highly-positioned and highly-influential science-denialism and science-denialists, still seems to hold today. Though I'm sure in some darker trumpian precincts it's considered as dumb and unprovable as the roundness of the earth, the moonlanding, gravity, evolution and the human right to health-care.
I bring all this up because shitting in the river where you get your drinking water has fallen out of fashion. Germ theory made it a no-no. And it seems crazy to think that anyone in their right mind would ever do so.
Now however, most of the West is about thirty years into enshittification. Like diseases centuries ago, enshittification is passed from person to person via the prevailing belief in efficiency above all else, especially common-sense. Enshittification is the process where efficiency reigns, everything gets worse and more expensive but about four stock-holders get rich.
You see it in every industry. Efficiency becomes the mantra. People get cut. Service gets worse. Because service gets worse customers leaves or prices are forced lower. Consequently more customers leave, more people are fired, more cost-cuts are needed and so it goes.
That process to my eyes is as destructive as standard operating procedure was before the acceptance of germ theory.
Efficiency improvements are the name of every game today. And if you're working with a company getting more efficient, from Adobe to your telco to your ad agency to Zenobia, your pistachio nut provider, you know things are only going to get worse.
My point in all this is that if there's any hope for the future of capitalism, someone will come along with a catchy explanation, like germ theory, of how the killing disease of so-called efficiency spreads.
Maybe they'll call it squeeze theory.
And declare that our general economic and innovation malaise comes from the sickness and reliance on efficiency. Squeeze theory will state simply that we're squeezing ourselves to death.
If you have something that makes more sense, LMK.




















